Nelson G A, Andrews M L, Karnovsky M J
J Cell Biol. 1983 Mar;96(3):730-5. doi: 10.1083/jcb.96.3.730.
Erythrocytes are deformable cells whose shapes can be altered by treatments with a variety of drugs. The forms the erythrocyte may assume vary continuously from the spiny "echinocytes" or crenated cells at one extreme to highly folded and dented "cupped" cells at the other extreme. Examination of 39 compounds for cup-forming activity revealed a remarkable correlation between their ability to form cupped cells and their inhibitory activity against the calcium regulatory protein, calmodulin. Calmodulin is known to interact with several erythrocyte proteins including spectrin, spectrin kinase, and the Ca++ ATPase calcium pump of the membrane. These proteins regulate the form of the cytoskeleton as well as intracellular calcium and ATP levels. It is proposed that calmodulin is required to maintain normal erythrocyte morphology and that in the presence of calmodulin inhibitors, the cell assumes a cupped shape.
红细胞是可变形的细胞，其形状可通过用多种药物处理而改变。红细胞可能呈现的形态从一端的带刺“棘红细胞”或皱缩细胞到另一端的高度折叠和凹陷的“杯状”细胞连续变化。对39种化合物的杯状形成活性进行检测，结果显示它们形成杯状细胞的能力与其对钙调节蛋白钙调蛋白的抑制活性之间存在显著相关性。已知钙调蛋白可与多种红细胞蛋白相互作用，包括血影蛋白、血影蛋白激酶和膜上的Ca++ ATP酶钙泵。这些蛋白质调节细胞骨架的形态以及细胞内钙和ATP水平。有人提出，钙调蛋白是维持正常红细胞形态所必需的，并且在存在钙调蛋白抑制剂的情况下，细胞会呈现杯状形态。
