Garcia R I, Szabo G
J Exp Zool. 1983 Feb;225(2):285-91. doi: 10.1002/jez.1402250211.
Melanosomes synthesized by embryonic chick retinal pigment cells in vitro are of a different size and shape than those made in ovo and in vivo. Ultrastructurally, the melanosomes made by cultured cells are small, spherical, contain an irregular internal matrix, and appear similar to the pheomelanosomes found in red hair and feathers. This modulation in melanosome ultrastructure in cultured retinal pigment cells does not appear to be caused by an irreversible change in differentiated capability but to a response of cells to the culture environment. Cells grown in embryo extract-free and serum-free defined media were found to synthesize melanosomes of normal size and shape in vitro, although at a much reduced number. The predominant melanosome type found was still the smaller, spherical variety. It appears that some still unknown factors in the culture environment have produced a shift to a different type of melanogenesis.
体外培养的鸡胚胎视网膜色素细胞合成的黑素小体，其大小和形状与在卵内及体内合成的黑素小体不同。在超微结构上，培养细胞产生的黑素小体较小，呈球形，内部基质不规则，并且看起来与红发和羽毛中发现的褐黑素小体相似。培养的视网膜色素细胞中黑素小体超微结构的这种调节，似乎不是由分化能力的不可逆变化引起的，而是细胞对培养环境的一种反应。尽管数量大幅减少，但在无胚胎提取物和无血清的限定培养基中生长的细胞，在体外仍能合成正常大小和形状的黑素小体。发现的主要黑素小体类型仍然是较小的球形变体。似乎培养环境中一些尚不清楚的因素导致了向不同类型黑素生成的转变。
