Elevated plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in short bowel syndrome.

Short bowel syndrome is a complex disease that is almost always seen with diarrhea. VIP is known to act powerfully on gut motility, and elevated VIP plasma levels have been reported in several diarrheal conditions. In this study VIP plasma levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 8 patients with short bowel syndrome versus 30 healthy control subjects under basal conditions. VIP plasma levels were significantly higher in the short bowel syndrome group (p less than 0.05). The explanations that could account for these elevated levels are (1) an increased gastric acid load in the residual bowel, (2) a compensatory increase in blood supply to the gut, (3) removal of an inhibitory factor arising from the small intestine, or (4) mucosal stress due to unadsorbed food. An etiologic role of VIP in the occurrence of diarrhea in patients with short bowel syndrome seems to be an unproved hypothesis.