Gay B B
Radiol Clin North Am. 1978 Apr;16(1):91-112.
The radiologic examination of the chest is an essential part of the evaluation of the pediatric patient presenting to the emergency room with respiratory distress. In many cases the chest radiograph will be diagnostic of a specific cause for the distressful symptom. Opaque foreign bodies are readily visualized in the tracheobronchial tree. The presence of massive atelectasis or severe obstructive emphasema may be visualized. Large pleural fluid collections or tension pneumothoraces can be localized and immediately treated by proper drainage. The presence of pneumonia, acute pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hemorrhage may be identified. Complications associated with bronchial asthma (pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and atelectasis) may be manifested radiographically before clinical signs are obvious. Lung compression by large mediastinal tumors and delayed congenital hernias may be readily demonstrated by chest radiography.
胸部放射学检查是评估因呼吸窘迫而前往急诊室就诊的儿科患者的重要组成部分。在许多情况下，胸部X光片可诊断出导致呼吸窘迫症状的具体病因。气管支气管树内的不透光异物很容易被发现。可观察到大量肺不张或严重阻塞性肺气肿的存在。大量胸腔积液或张力性气胸可被定位，并通过适当引流立即进行治疗。可识别出肺炎、急性肺水肿和肺出血的存在。支气管哮喘相关并发症（纵隔气肿、气胸和肺不张）在临床症状明显之前可能在影像学上表现出来。胸部X光片可轻易显示大纵隔肿瘤和迟发性先天性疝对肺的压迫。
