Caserio R J
Postgrad Med. 1983 May;73(5):267-73. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1983.11697843.
Skin rashes are commonly seen by the primary care physician. The chief cause of contact dermatitis is the plant genus Toxicodendron, but topical medications such as anesthetics, antibiotics, and preservatives also cause this condition. Commonly seen superficial fungal infections include candidiasis and several types of tinea. Microscopic identification of the organism on a potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation establishes the definitive diagnosis. In addition to occurring in its usual sites, the herpes simplex virus can cause recurrent disease on glabrous skin areas. A positive Tzanck test establishes a diagnosis of herpesvirus infection. Mosquito, flea, and brown recluse spider bites produce diagnostic physical findings. Scabies infestation produces a distinctive eruption, and the diagnosis is made by isolating the mite or its products.
基层医疗医生经常会见到皮肤疹。接触性皮炎的主要病因是漆树属植物，但局部用药如麻醉剂、抗生素和防腐剂也会引发这种病症。常见的浅表真菌感染包括念珠菌病和几种癣。通过氢氧化钾（KOH）制剂对病原体进行显微镜鉴定可确立明确诊断。除了在其常见部位发病外，单纯疱疹病毒还可在无毛皮肤区域引起复发性疾病。Tzanck试验呈阳性可确诊为疱疹病毒感染。蚊虫、跳蚤和棕色遁蛛叮咬会产生具有诊断意义的体征。疥疮感染会产生独特的皮疹，通过分离螨虫或其产物进行诊断。
