Douglas N J, White D P, Weil J V, Zwillich C W
Respir Physiol. 1983 Feb;51(2):209-18. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(83)90041-5.
Nasal obstruction is associated with abnormal breathing during sleep. To investigate this we measured ventilation and isocapnic hypoxic and rebreathing hypercapnic ventilatory responses in 9 awake normal men, with and without artificial nasal occlusion. Resting breathing frequency was lower (P less than 0.05) with mouth (12.5 +/- 1.0 [SEM]) than with nose (15.1 +/- 1.3 b/min) breathing, due to prolongation (P less than 0.05) of expiratory time with mouth breathing (mouth 3.25 +/- 0.35, nasal breathing 2.41 +/- 0.37 sec). Resting tidal volume was similar for both routes, thus minute ventilation was lower (P less than 0.01) mouth breathing (8.43 +/- 0.44) compared with nose breathing (9.37 +/- 0.47 L/min). Ventilatory responses were greater with mouth than nose breathing both for hypercapnia (mouth 2.29 +/- 0.21, nose 1.58 +/- 0.18 L/min/mm Hg CO2; P less than 0.01) and for hypoxia (mouth 1.08 +/-0.16, nose 0.91 +/- 0.21 L/min/% SaO2; P = 0.10). In 6 subjects measurements were repeated before and after upper airway lignocaine anaesthesia, which abolished the differences in respiratory timing and drive between the breathing routes. It is suggested that there may be upper airway flow receptors which influence respiratory timing.
鼻塞与睡眠期间的异常呼吸有关。为了对此进行研究，我们在9名清醒的正常男性中测量了通气、等碳酸血症性低氧和重复呼吸高碳酸血症通气反应，测量时分别有无人工鼻阻塞。口呼吸时（12.5±1.0[标准误]）静息呼吸频率低于鼻呼吸时（15.1±1.3次/分钟）（P<0.05），这是因为口呼吸时呼气时间延长（P<0.05）（口呼吸时为3.25±0.35秒，鼻呼吸时为2.41±0.37秒）。两种呼吸途径的静息潮气量相似，因此口呼吸时（8.43±0.44）分钟通气量低于鼻呼吸时（9.37±0.47升/分钟）（P<0.01）。无论是高碳酸血症（口呼吸时为2.29±0.21，鼻呼吸时为1.58±0.18升/分钟/毫米汞柱二氧化碳；P<0.01）还是低氧血症（口呼吸时为1.08±0.16，鼻呼吸时为0.91±0.21升/分钟/%血氧饱和度；P=0.10），口呼吸时的通气反应均大于鼻呼吸时。在6名受试者中，在上呼吸道利多卡因麻醉前后重复进行了测量，该麻醉消除了两种呼吸途径在呼吸时间和驱动力方面的差异。提示可能存在影响呼吸时间的上呼吸道流量感受器。
