O'Keefe S J, Thusi D, Epstein S
S Afr Med J. 1983 Apr 30;63(18):679-83.
The nutritional status of and disease patterns in 449 healthy and 803 hospitalized urbanized Blacks in Durban were surveyed. While unemployed males were generally less fat than controls, obesity (i.e. weight 40% over that expected) was extremely common among female factory (33%) and female hospital 'domestic' (65%) employees. Undernutrition was significantly more common amont patients and more marked in males, 82% having significantly reduced fat stores. Disease patterns were similar in malnourished male and female patients, with infective and respiratory diseases predominating. However, the pattern was different in overweight male and female patients, non-ischaemic cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension, predominating. The most common cause of death in males was respiratory disease, and in females cardiovascular disease. Overall, malnutrition was most common in the subgroup (N = 212) of patients who died. The results confirm the known associations between undernutrition and increased susceptibility to infection and mortality, and also between overnutrition and hypertensive cardiovascular disease. The observation that malnutrition and obesity can coexist within rapidly urbanized communities stresses the need for concurrent education on nutrition. The high incidence of 'hospital malnutrition' observed emphasizes the need for nutritional support in acutely ill patients.
对德班449名健康的城市化黑人以及803名住院的城市化黑人的营养状况和疾病模式进行了调查。虽然失业男性总体上比对照组瘦，但肥胖（即体重超过预期40%）在女性工厂员工（33%）和女性医院“家政”员工（65%）中极为常见。营养不良在患者中明显更为常见，且在男性中更为显著，82%的男性脂肪储备显著减少。营养不良的男性和女性患者的疾病模式相似，以感染性疾病和呼吸道疾病为主。然而，超重的男性和女性患者的疾病模式不同，以非缺血性心血管疾病，尤其是高血压为主。男性最常见的死因是呼吸道疾病，女性是心血管疾病。总体而言，营养不良在死亡患者亚组（N = 212）中最为常见。结果证实了营养不良与感染易感性增加和死亡率之间，以及营养过剩与高血压性心血管疾病之间已知的关联。营养不良和肥胖在快速城市化社区中可能并存的观察结果强调了同时进行营养教育的必要性。观察到的“医院营养不良”的高发生率强调了对急性病患者进行营养支持的必要性。
