Wolin M J, Miller T L
Fed Proc. 1983 Jan;42(1):109-13.
Fermentation of cellulose in the rumen occurs through the interactions of many microbial species. The initial degradation of cellulose is caused by cellulase-producing organisms. The soluble hydrolysis products are used by both cellulolytic and noncellulolytic organisms to produce acetate, propionate, and butyrate and the important intermediates H2 and succinate. Interactions between species are necessary for the decarboxylation of succinate to propionate. H2 is used by methanogenic bacteria to reduce CO2 to CH4. The removal of H2 by methanogenesis increases the production of acetate from carbohydrates by several important cellulose- and carbohydrate-fermenting microbial species. Monensin and lasalocid appear to alter the overall fermentation by selecting for populations that produce relatively larger amounts of propionate and against populations that produce relatively larger amounts of acetate and H2. Cellulose fermentation in the human large intestine is compared with fermentation in the rumen.
瘤胃中纤维素的发酵通过多种微生物物种的相互作用发生。纤维素的初始降解由产生纤维素酶的生物体引起。可溶性水解产物被纤维素分解菌和非纤维素分解菌用于产生乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐以及重要的中间体氢气和琥珀酸盐。物种之间的相互作用对于琥珀酸盐脱羧生成丙酸盐是必要的。产甲烷细菌利用氢气将二氧化碳还原为甲烷。通过产甲烷作用去除氢气可增加几种重要的纤维素和碳水化合物发酵微生物物种从碳水化合物中产生乙酸盐的量。莫能菌素和拉沙洛西似乎通过选择产生相对大量丙酸盐的菌群并抑制产生相对大量乙酸盐和氢气的菌群来改变整体发酵。将人类大肠中的纤维素发酵与瘤胃中的发酵进行了比较。
