Yokopenic P A, Clark V A, Aneshensel C S
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1983 Jan;171(1):15-23. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198301000-00004.
Data are from a 1979 community sample (n = 1000) of adults in Los Angeles County. The analysis examines how depressive symptoms, measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and a variety of other factors influence problem recognition and use of mental health services. Of those people with a high level of depressive symptoms, nearly one third view themselves as having a nondepressive problem, while another third view themselves as having no personal problem. After controlling for demographic and other factors, depressive symptoms emerge as the most important element enhancing problem recognition; being female and having more education also enhance recognition of depressive problems and enable people to distinguish depressive from other problems. Among those with a high level of depressive symptoms, only one third had consulted a mental health service in the prior year. Factors promoting use of mental health services among those who acknowledge a personal problem include depressive symptoms, prior use of mental health services, use of services by friends and relatives, and discussion with friends and relatives about counseling; no significant effects emerge for sex, age, education, income, or insurance coverage. Data from the untreated show that a self-reliant attitude and some practical barriers prevent people with depressive symptoms from obtaining professional help.
数据来自1979年对洛杉矶县成年人的社区抽样调查（n = 1000）。该分析考察了用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES - D）测量的抑郁症状以及各种其他因素如何影响对心理健康问题的识别和心理健康服务的使用。在那些抑郁症状水平较高的人中，近三分之一的人认为自己有非抑郁问题，而另外三分之一的人认为自己没有个人问题。在控制了人口统计学和其他因素后，抑郁症状成为增强问题识别的最重要因素；女性以及受教育程度更高也会增强对抑郁问题的识别，并使人们能够区分抑郁问题和其他问题。在那些抑郁症状水平较高的人中，只有三分之一的人在前一年咨询过心理健康服务。在那些承认有个人问题的人中，促进使用心理健康服务的因素包括抑郁症状、之前使用过心理健康服务、朋友和亲戚使用过服务以及与朋友和亲戚讨论过咨询；性别、年龄、教育程度、收入或保险覆盖范围没有显著影响。未经治疗的数据表明，自力更生的态度和一些实际障碍阻碍了有抑郁症状的人获得专业帮助。
