Spealman R D, Kelleher R T, Goldberg S R, DeWeese J, Goldberg D M
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1983 Jan;224(1):127-34.
The behavioral effects of the antipsychotic drug, clozapine, were compared with those of thioridazine, chlorpromazine, haloperidol and chlordiazepoxide. Behavior of squirrel monkeys was controlled by different consequences of a lever-pressing response (presentation of food, presentation of electric shock or termination of a stimulus associated with electric shock) under different schedules of reinforcement (a fixed-interval schedule or a multiple schedule with alternating fixed-ratio and fixed-interval components). The effects of thioridazine (0.2-24.6 mumol/kg), chlorpromazine (0.03-2.8 mumol/kg) and haloperidol (0.001-0.08 mumol/kg) were largely independent of the type of schedule or the type of consequent event that maintained responding: each drug produced dose-related decreases in responding under all conditions in which they were studied. Clozapine (0.1-9.2 mumol/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (0.9-167.4 mumol/kg) also only decreased responding under most schedule conditions; however, intermediate doses of either drug markedly increased responding maintained by presentation of food under the fixed-interval schedule (whether programmed singly or as a component of the multiple schedule). Only clozapine increased responding maintained by presentation of electric shock under the fixed-interval schedule. Thus, the behavioral effects of clozapine differed qualitatively from those of representative antipsychotic and antianxiety drugs.
将抗精神病药物氯氮平的行为效应与硫利达嗪、氯丙嗪、氟哌啶醇和氯氮卓的行为效应进行了比较。松鼠猴的行为通过不同强化程序（固定间隔程序或具有交替固定比率和固定间隔成分的多重程序）下杠杆按压反应的不同后果（给予食物、给予电击或终止与电击相关的刺激）来控制。硫利达嗪（0.2 - 24.6 μmol/kg）、氯丙嗪（0.03 - 2.8 μmol/kg）和氟哌啶醇（0.001 - 0.08 μmol/kg）的效应在很大程度上与维持反应的程序类型或后续事件类型无关：在研究它们的所有条件下，每种药物都产生与剂量相关的反应减少。氯氮平（0.1 - 9.2 μmol/kg）和氯氮卓（0.9 - 167.4 μmol/kg）在大多数程序条件下也仅减少反应；然而，这两种药物的中等剂量在固定间隔程序（无论是单独编程还是作为多重程序的一个成分）下由给予食物维持的反应中显著增加。只有氯氮平在固定间隔程序下由给予电击维持的反应中增加反应。因此，氯氮平的行为效应在质量上与代表性的抗精神病药物和抗焦虑药物不同。
