Bretaña A, Avila J L, Lizardo G, Convit J, Rondón A J
Exp Parasitol. 1983 Jun;55(3):377-85. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(83)90035-8.
Experimental nodules of American leishmaniases were obtained by inoculating 0.1-1 x 10(5) amastigotes into the dorsum of the hindpaws of golden hamsters and of C57Bl/6J mice. The amastigotes were obtained by biopsy of lesions in six human cases of cutaneous leishmaniases and were serially maintained in golden hamsters and in a fetal calf serum-containing medium. Human nodules were obtained by biopsy from several patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniases, always prior to treatment. Within the same host species, no ultrastructural differences were seen in the tissue response to isolates of Leishmania mexicana, L. brasiliensis, or L. garnhami, nor were there differences between the host species in response to a particular isolate of the genus Leishmania. The typical inflammatory response was a macrophage granuloma with abundant polymorphonuclear neutrophils, some eosinophils, and plasma cells. Simple human cutaneous leishmanial lesions, as well as experimental nodules in regression, show many fibroblasts, much collagen fiber, but very few parasites. In typical lesions, parasites occurred within macrophage phagolysosomes, within distended lacunar cells, and in the intercellular spaces. Leishmaniae strongly adhered to parasitophorous vacuoles by a site of their plasma membrane directly opposite the flagellum, and the host cell cytoplasm close to the adherence site became highly vacuolated. In most cases the intra- and extracellular parasites show normal morphology, which suggest the inability of phagocytic cells to attack them.
通过将0.1 - 1×10⁵个无鞭毛体接种到金黄仓鼠和C57Bl/6J小鼠的后爪背部，获得了美洲利什曼病的实验性结节。无鞭毛体取自6例皮肤利什曼病患者病变的活检组织，并在金黄仓鼠和含胎牛血清的培养基中连续传代培养。人体结节取自数例弥漫性皮肤利什曼病患者，均在治疗前进行活检。在同一宿主物种内，对墨西哥利什曼原虫、巴西利什曼原虫或加氏利什曼原虫分离株的组织反应未见超微结构差异，不同宿主物种对利什曼原虫属某一特定分离株的反应也无差异。典型的炎症反应是巨噬细胞肉芽肿，伴有大量多形核中性粒细胞、一些嗜酸性粒细胞和浆细胞。单纯的人类皮肤利什曼病病变以及处于消退期的实验性结节，可见许多成纤维细胞、大量胶原纤维，但寄生虫很少。在典型病变中，寄生虫存在于巨噬细胞吞噬溶酶体内、扩张的腔隙细胞内以及细胞间隙中。利什曼原虫通过其质膜上与鞭毛直接相对的部位强烈黏附于寄生泡，黏附部位附近的宿主细胞质高度空泡化。在大多数情况下，细胞内和细胞外的寄生虫形态正常，这表明吞噬细胞无法攻击它们。
