Lizzi F L, Greenebaum M, Feleppa E J, Elbaum M, Coleman D J
J Acoust Soc Am. 1983 Apr;73(4):1366-73. doi: 10.1121/1.389241.
An analytic model is described for application in ultrasonic tissue characterization. The model is applicable to clinical broadband pulse echo systems. It treats spectra derived from received echo signals and relates them to physical tissue properties. The model can be applied to deterministic tissue structures (e.g., retinal detachments, larger blood vessels, and surface layers of the kidney) and to stochastic tissue structures (e.g., various tumors). The beam patterns included in the model are those generated by focused transducers typically used in high-resolution clinical ultrasound. Appropriate calibration procedures are also treated; these are needed for interpretation of absolute spectral parameters. The results obtained with the analytic model have been used to design a digital processing system and the associated techniques which are now being applied during examinations of the eye and abdominal organs. The results have proven useful in interpreting data from various types of tissues. To illustrate the application of these results, representative clinical data, obtained from the digital system, are presented for two types of tissue architectures. The first case is a detached retina representing a deterministic structure characterized by well-defined thickness and reflection coefficients. The second case is asteroid hyalosis and represents a stochastic entity in which the positions of small scattering particles are best described in statistical terms, and characterization is accompanied by means of normalized power spectra.
本文描述了一种用于超声组织表征的分析模型。该模型适用于临床宽带脉冲回波系统。它处理从接收到的回波信号中得出的频谱，并将它们与物理组织特性相关联。该模型可应用于确定性组织结构（如视网膜脱离、较大血管和肾表层）以及随机组织结构（如各种肿瘤）。模型中包含的波束模式是由高分辨率临床超声中通常使用的聚焦换能器产生的。还讨论了适当的校准程序；这些对于解释绝对频谱参数是必要的。用分析模型获得的结果已用于设计数字处理系统及相关技术，这些技术目前正在眼部和腹部器官检查中应用。结果已证明在解释来自各种组织的数据方面很有用。为说明这些结果的应用，给出了从数字系统获得的针对两种组织结构的代表性临床数据。第一个病例是脱离的视网膜，代表一种确定性结构，其特征为具有明确界定的厚度和反射系数。第二个病例是星状玻璃体病变，代表一种随机实体，其中小散射颗粒的位置最好用统计学方法描述，并且通过归一化功率谱进行表征。
