Cass A S, Johnson C F, Khan A U, Matsuura J K, Godec C J
Urology. 1983 Jul;22(1):27-9. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(83)90340-0.
Nonoperative (catheter) management was used in 18 patients with extraperitoneal rupture of the bladder with limited extravasation of dye found by retrograde cystogram. Complications occurred in 4 of the 18 patients. A review of the literature shows a 20 to 25-per cent complication rate with nonoperative management of bladder rupture. However, with a small extraperitoneal rupture with limited extravasation, especially in a female, the nonoperative (catheter) management will give a satisfactory result.
18例膀胱腹膜外破裂患者采用非手术（置管）治疗，逆行膀胱造影显示造影剂外渗有限。18例患者中有4例出现并发症。文献回顾显示，膀胱破裂非手术治疗的并发症发生率为20%至25%。然而，对于腹膜外小破裂且外渗有限的情况，尤其是女性患者，非手术（置管）治疗将取得满意的效果。
