Ganovski Kh, Ivanov I G
Vet Med Nauki. 1983;20(1):47-53.
Calves were surgically supplied with double fistular anastomoses (duodenal and ileal) to study the dynamic of digestive processes. The experiment was carried out in three periods: sucking, transitive (milk and vegetative feed), and fully vegetative. It was found that both the duodenal and the ileal chyme of sucking calves is by its physical and chemical properties substantially different from the chyme of adult cattle. With the transition from the milk type on to the vegetative type of feeding the composition of chyme of calves changes in colour, consistency, dry matter, organic matter, and crude fibers. With the vegetative type of feeding the digestion organs of calves were found to work more actively than with the feeding with milk with added plant feed. In the transition period 10 to 20 per cent of the dry and organic matter was digested and utilized before coming to the duodenal anastomosis. In this period beside the abomasum the forestomach with its three compartments was also shown to be involved in the digestion processes. With the increase in the amount of course feed in the diet of calves the amount of dry matter, organic matter, and crude fibers digested in the forestomach reached 45-52 per cent.
通过外科手术给小牛构建双瘘管吻合术（十二指肠和回肠），以研究消化过程的动态变化。实验分三个阶段进行：吮乳期、过渡期（牛奶和植物性饲料）以及完全植物性饲料期。研究发现，吮乳期小牛的十二指肠和回肠食糜，其物理和化学性质与成年牛的食糜有很大不同。随着从牛奶喂养方式转变为植物性饲料喂养方式，小牛食糜的颜色、稠度、干物质、有机物和粗纤维组成都发生了变化。采用植物性饲料喂养时，发现小牛的消化器官比喂添加了植物饲料的牛奶时工作得更活跃。在过渡期，10%至20%的干物质和有机物在到达十二指肠吻合口之前就被消化和利用了。在这个时期，除了皱胃，有三个腔室的前胃也参与了消化过程。随着小牛日粮中粗饲料量的增加，在前胃中消化的干物质、有机物和粗纤维量达到了45%至52%。
