Awad G A
Am J Psychother. 1983 Apr;37(2):190-201. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1983.37.2.190.
Through a long series of trials and errors psychotherapeutic techniques for treating antisocial adolescents were developed based on the adolescents' dynamics and functioning. Basic psychoanalytic concepts were used as organizing principles, but not as an ideal to try and reach. This paper focuses on the middle phase of psychotherapy. Some characteristics of this phase, which include more regular attendance, more ability to introspect, and a sense of continuity between sessions, are described. The vehicle for change is the establishment and maintenance of a therapeutic situation that would allow regression and transference on one hand, while dealing with reality and problem-solving on the other. Several issues that affect the therapeutic situation are discussed. These include the level of the therapist's activity, the source of material brought up in the sessions, the therapist's use of the self and the handling of unreported antisocial acts. Finally, specific therapeutic interventions, namely listening, clarifications, confrontations, suggestions and interpretations are defined and discussed.
通过一系列漫长的试验与摸索，基于反社会青少年的心理动态和机能，开发出了用于治疗他们的心理治疗技术。基本的精神分析概念被用作组织原则，但并非要努力去达成的理想目标。本文聚焦于心理治疗的中期阶段。描述了该阶段的一些特征，包括更规律的就诊、更强的内省能力以及各疗程之间的连续感。改变的媒介是建立并维持一种治疗情境，这种情境一方面允许退行和移情，另一方面要应对现实并解决问题。讨论了影响治疗情境的几个问题。这些问题包括治疗师的活动水平、疗程中所提及素材的来源、治疗师对自身的运用以及对未报告的反社会行为的处理。最后，定义并讨论了具体的治疗干预措施，即倾听、澄清、对峙、建议和阐释。
