Ayala F J
Experientia. 1983 Aug 15;39(8):813-23. doi: 10.1007/BF01990397.
Recent studies indicate that the amount of protein variation undetected by electrophoresis may be reasonably small. Nevertheless, at the protein level, a typical sexually-reproducing organism may be heterozygous at 20 or more percent of the gene loci. Although the evidence is limited, it appears that at the level of the DNA nucleotide sequence every individual is heterozygous at every locus - if introns as well as exons are taken into account. The evidence available does not support the hypothesis that, at least at the protein level, the variation is adaptively neutral.
最近的研究表明，电泳未检测到的蛋白质变异量可能相当少。然而，在蛋白质水平上，一个典型的有性生殖生物体可能在20%或更多的基因位点上是杂合的。尽管证据有限，但如果将内含子和外显子都考虑在内，似乎在DNA核苷酸序列水平上，每个个体在每个位点都是杂合的。现有证据并不支持这样的假设，即至少在蛋白质水平上，变异是适应性中性的。
