Trippenbach T, Kelly G, Marlot D
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Jun;54(6):1736-44. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1983.54.6.1736.
Effects of intercostal muscle stimulation were studied in 2- to 7-day-old kittens under ketamine-acepromazine anesthesia. Animals were vagotomized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. Stimuli applied during inspiration (TI) inhibited this phase. Stimulus strength necessary for TI inhibition decreased with time. However, an all-or-nothing effect was not always observed. Stimulation during expiration (TE) prolonged this phase. The responsiveness increased with increasing stimulus delay. The effects of intercostal muscle stimulation were compared with those recorded during saphenous nerve stimulation. Stimulation during TI prolonged this phase. Phrenic activity increased after a short-lasting decrease in the on-going activity. Stimulation during the first 50% of TE had variable effects, whereas stimulation with longer delay shortened this phase. Our results indicated that the pattern of breathing in newborns can be affected by both intercostal muscle and other somatic efferents. However, the mechanisms controlling respiratory timing may differ in newborns and in adults. Different effects of respiratory muscle and saphenous nerve stimulation suggest different transmitters involved or different sites of interaction of these inputs with the medullary respiratory rhythm generator.
在氯胺酮-乙酰丙嗪麻醉下，对2至7日龄小猫的肋间肌刺激效应进行了研究。动物被切断迷走神经、麻痹并进行人工通气。吸气期间（TI）施加的刺激会抑制该阶段。TI抑制所需的刺激强度随时间降低。然而，并非总能观察到全或无效应。呼气期间（TE）的刺激会延长该阶段。反应性随刺激延迟增加而增强。将肋间肌刺激的效应与隐神经刺激期间记录的效应进行了比较。TI期间的刺激会延长该阶段。膈神经活动在持续活动短暂降低后增加。TE前50%期间的刺激产生的效应各不相同，而延迟较长的刺激会缩短该阶段。我们的结果表明，新生儿的呼吸模式可能会受到肋间肌和其他躯体传出神经的影响。然而，控制呼吸时间的机制在新生儿和成年人中可能有所不同。呼吸肌和隐神经刺激的不同效应表明涉及不同的递质，或者这些输入与延髓呼吸节律发生器相互作用的部位不同。
