Droge M H, Leonard R B
J Neurophysiol. 1983 Jul;50(1):162-77. doi: 10.1152/jn.1983.50.1.162.
Stingrays swim with a rostral-to-caudal wave of elevation and depression of the enlarged pectoral fins. The present study compares the timing relations of swimming before and after decerebration in the same animals using electromyograms (EMGs). EMGs were recorded from several freely swimming, intact animals. Most recordings, however, were from stingrays suspended by vertebral clamps. Activity recorded from restrained animals exhibited the same timing relations as freely swimming animals. Therefore, the restrained preparation was used to compare locomotor rhythm in intact and decerebrate stingrays. The delay from the onset of activity recorded at a rostral segment to the onset of activity at successively caudal recording sites (intersegmental delay) was linearly related to the extent of the segmental separation. This relation was not changed by decerebration. Both the intersegmental delay and the EMG burst duration were linearly related to the period of the swim cycle. The intercepts for both relations fell around the origin. Therefore, stingray swimming demonstrates constant phase coupling. Neither the slopes nor the intercepts of the coupling relations were altered by decerebration. Histological examination of the fins indicates that at least two types of muscles exist. Superficial muscle is activated during slow swimming, while the deeper muscle is recruited during faster swimming.
黄貂鱼通过扩大的胸鳍从吻部到尾部的升降波动来游动。本研究使用肌电图（EMG）比较了同一动物在去大脑前后游泳的时间关系。从几只自由游动的完整动物身上记录了肌电图。然而，大多数记录是来自用脊椎夹悬挂的黄貂鱼。从受约束动物身上记录的活动表现出与自由游动动物相同的时间关系。因此，使用受约束的准备来比较完整和去大脑黄貂鱼的运动节律。从吻部节段记录的活动开始到连续的尾部记录部位活动开始的延迟（节间延迟）与节段分离的程度呈线性相关。这种关系不会因去大脑而改变。节间延迟和肌电图爆发持续时间都与游泳周期的时长呈线性相关。两种关系的截距都在原点附近。因此，黄貂鱼游泳表现出恒定的相位耦合。耦合关系的斜率和截距都不会因去大脑而改变。对鳍的组织学检查表明至少存在两种类型的肌肉。浅层肌肉在慢速游泳时被激活，而深层肌肉在快速游泳时被募集。
