Hennessy M B, Kaplan J N
Dev Psychobiol. 1982 Sep;15(5):423-31. doi: 10.1002/dev.420150504.
Squirrel monkey infants reared on surrogates showed an increase in vocalizations, but no change in plasma cortisol levels when the surrogate was removed from the home cage for .5 hr. When the infant was exposed to novelty during separation, there was a further increase in vocalizations, as well as increases in movement and plasma cortisol. Placing the surrogate with the infant in the novel environment reduced the behavioral reaction and led to high levels of infant-surrogate contact; however, plasma cortisol levels were as high at .5 hr as when the infant was in the novel environment alone. With longer (2-4 hr) exposures to the novel room, cortisol elevations were attenuated by the presence of the surrogate. When the infant was alone, levels of cortisol, but not protest behavior, increased with length of exposure to the novel room. These results indicate that the physiological reaction to separation procedures in infant primates may not be safely inferred from behavioral responses, and, together with earlier findings, suggest a deficiency in the attachment of surrogate-reared infants.
由代孕母亲抚养的松鼠猴幼崽在代孕母亲被从饲养笼中移出半小时时，发声次数增加，但血浆皮质醇水平没有变化。当幼崽在与代孕母亲分离期间接触新事物时，发声次数进一步增加，活动量和血浆皮质醇水平也增加。将代孕母亲与幼崽置于新环境中可减少行为反应，并导致幼崽与代孕母亲的高度接触；然而，半小时时的血浆皮质醇水平与幼崽单独处于新环境时一样高。在新房间中暴露更长时间（2 - 4小时）时，代孕母亲的存在会减弱皮质醇的升高。当幼崽独处时，皮质醇水平会随着在新房间中暴露时间的延长而增加，但抗议行为不会。这些结果表明，不能从行为反应中安全地推断出灵长类幼崽对分离程序的生理反应，并且与早期研究结果一起表明，由代孕母亲抚养的幼崽在依恋方面存在缺陷。
