Mullin L S, Krivanek N D
Neurotoxicology. 1982 Jul;3(1):126-37.
The sensitivity of unconditioned reflex and conditioned avoidance tests in evaluating behavioral toxicity was compared. Male rats were exposed by inhalation up to four hours to 0, 200, 400, 800 or 1600 ppm carbon monoxide (CO); 0, 1500, 3000, 6000 or 12,000 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 0, 800, 1600, 3200, or 6400 ppm toluene; or 0, 4000, 8000, 16,000 or 32,000 ppm ethanol. Animals were tested for behavioral changes at one-half, one, two and four hours during exposure and eighteen hours after exposure ended. In unconditioned reflex testing the presence or absence of specific unconditioned reflexes (such as corneal, placing, grasping and righting reflexes) and simple behavior patterns including locomotor activity and coordination were observed. The conditioned reflex task consisted of shock avoidance by lever press following simultaneous light and sound stimuli. Rats began to fail unconditioned reflex tests at 800 ppm CO, 3000 ppm trichloroethane, 800 ppm toluene and 8000 ppm ethanol. Decrements in conditioned avoidance were observed at 800 ppm CO, 6000 ppm trichloroethane, 3200 ppm toluene and 8000 ppm ethanol. Neither test was consistently more sensitive than the other in detecting behavioral changes. For both methods, the concentrations at which changes were detected in rats were two to tenfold higher than those reported for human effects.
比较了非条件反射和条件性回避试验在评估行为毒性方面的敏感性。将雄性大鼠通过吸入暴露于0、200、400、800或1600 ppm一氧化碳（CO）中长达4小时；0、1500、3000、6000或12,000 ppm 1,1,1 - 三氯乙烷；0、800、1600、3200或6400 ppm甲苯；或0、4000、8000、16,000或32,000 ppm乙醇。在暴露期间的半小时、1小时、2小时和4小时以及暴露结束后18小时对动物进行行为变化测试。在非条件反射测试中，观察特定非条件反射（如角膜反射、放置反射、抓握反射和翻正反射）的有无以及包括运动活动和协调性在内的简单行为模式。条件反射任务包括在同时出现光和声刺激后通过按压杠杆来避免电击。大鼠在800 ppm CO、3000 ppm三氯乙烷、800 ppm甲苯和8000 ppm乙醇浓度下开始无法通过非条件反射测试。在800 ppm CO、6000 ppm三氯乙烷、3200 ppm甲苯和8000 ppm乙醇浓度下观察到条件性回避能力下降。在检测行为变化方面，两种测试都并非始终比另一种更敏感。对于这两种方法，在大鼠中检测到变化的浓度比报道的对人类产生影响的浓度高两到十倍。
