Mollenauer S, White M, Plotnik R, Pipkin B
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1982 Sep;17(3):381-4. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(82)90291-x.
Hooded rats were injected with physiological saline or d-amphetamine sulfate for 13 days on a schedule designed to mimic patterns of abuse: one injection on days 1-11, two injections on day 12, and three injections on day 13; amphetamine dosage for the first three injections was 3.5 mg/kg and for all subsequent injections was 5.0 mg/kg. Amphetamine-treated rats (Amphet) showed a dramatic flight reaction in response to a novel stimulus (mechanical robot) that did not elicit flight from saline control animals. Tested on a slow-moving treadmill that carried them toward the stimulus, Amphet rats accumulated only 15% of the trial time at the front of the apparatus nearest the stimulus and accumulated approximately 75% of the trial time at the extreme rear of the apparatus, farthest from the stimulus. Control tests of Amphet rats in the absence of the stimulus ruled out interpretations in terms of motor behavior. In fact, a major advantage of the present procedure is that animals are able to execute the relatively simple defense response despite the occurrence of motor stereotypy. These results suggest that the defense-response paradigm is suitable for the study of chronic amphetamine and may provide a useful adjunctive to existing models of amphetamine psychosis.
对有头罩的大鼠按照模仿滥用模式的时间表注射生理盐水或硫酸右苯丙胺，为期13天：第1至11天每天注射一次，第12天注射两次，第13天注射三次；前三针的苯丙胺剂量为3.5毫克/千克，之后所有注射的剂量为5.0毫克/千克。接受苯丙胺治疗的大鼠（苯丙胺组）对新刺激（机械机器人）表现出剧烈的逃避反应，而生理盐水对照动物对该刺激不会产生逃避反应。在缓慢移动的跑步机上进行测试，跑步机将它们带向刺激源，苯丙胺组大鼠在靠近刺激源的装置前端只累积了15%的试验时间，而在装置最远端、离刺激源最远的地方累积了约75%的试验时间。在没有刺激源的情况下对苯丙胺组大鼠进行的对照测试排除了基于运动行为的解释。事实上，本实验程序的一个主要优点是，尽管出现了运动刻板行为，动物仍能够执行相对简单的防御反应。这些结果表明，防御反应范式适用于慢性苯丙胺的研究，可能为现有的苯丙胺精神病模型提供有用的补充。
