Klein R
Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc. 1980 Summer;58(3):416-29.
The challenge of health care policy is how to combine sensitivity to both consumer preferences (the economic model) and citizen wishes (the political model): what either wants the other may wish to deny him. Competing economic (exit) and political (voice) activities in response to deterioration in the quality of a service, however, may be an inadequate framework to encompass discontent with the complex mix of types of services offered. The "political market" in which decisions about health care are made is suggested for further exploration.
医疗保健政策面临的挑战在于如何兼顾对消费者偏好（经济模式）和公民意愿（政治模式）的敏感度：一方想要的，另一方可能希望予以拒绝。然而，针对服务质量下降而展开的相互竞争的经济（退出）和政治（发声）活动，可能不足以涵盖对所提供的复杂服务类型组合的不满。文中建议对做出医疗保健决策的“政治市场”做进一步探究。
