Hargiss C O
Nurs Clin North Am. 1980 Dec;15(4):671-88.
The hospital environment is a complex mix of animate and inanimate components that interact in a myriad of ways to alter the normal flora of a patient, become reservoirs for hospital strains, and provide pathways for transmission of potential pathogens to patients, personnel, and visitors. It is increasingly vital that those responsible for medical and nursing care have the knowledge of normal microbial flora, potential pathogenic organisms, and the routes of transmission through direct or indirect contact, air, or vehicles on which to base responsible decisions. To be effective this knowledge must be incorporated into assessments of individual patients which identify risks and hazards and into daily routine activities (such as handwashing) to block or minimize colonization by hospital strains that can lead to nosocomial infection.
医院环境是一个由有生命和无生命成分组成的复杂混合体，这些成分以无数种方式相互作用，改变患者的正常菌群，成为医院菌株的储存库，并为潜在病原体向患者、医护人员和访客的传播提供途径。对于负责医疗和护理的人员来说，了解正常微生物菌群、潜在致病生物以及通过直接或间接接触、空气或媒介物的传播途径，从而做出负责任的决策，变得越来越重要。为了有效，这些知识必须纳入对个体患者的评估中，以识别风险和危害，并纳入日常活动（如洗手）中，以阻止或尽量减少可能导致医院感染的医院菌株的定植。
