Higginson J
Ciba Found Symp. 1980;76:349-58. doi: 10.1002/9780470720592.ch19.
While an environmental link with cancer is widely accepted, its implications are not always understood. Because of the multistage nature of carcinogenesis, it is insufficient to study initiation only at the level of the 'target cell', since events before and after initiation may prove pivotal to neoplastic development. Estimates of the relative contributions of factors causing human cancer are briefly summarized. Tumours related to patterns of life style--including diet and behaviour--and individual susceptibility are discussed. It is in this group of tumours that metabolizing enzymes are probably most significant, especially for weak initiating stimuli, whether extrinsic or intrinsic. There are few epidemiological data available at present but future research can be suggested, to improve the definition in biochemical terms of individual susceptibility and effects of life style.
虽然癌症与环境之间的联系已被广泛接受，但其影响并不总是为人所理解。由于致癌作用具有多阶段性质，仅在“靶细胞”水平研究启动过程是不够的，因为启动前后的事件可能对肿瘤发展至关重要。本文简要总结了导致人类癌症的各种因素的相对贡献。讨论了与生活方式模式（包括饮食和行为）以及个体易感性相关的肿瘤。在这类肿瘤中，代谢酶可能最为重要，特别是对于微弱的启动刺激，无论是外源性还是内源性的。目前可用的流行病学数据很少，但可以提出未来的研究方向，以从生化角度更好地界定个体易感性和生活方式的影响。
