Brickman P, Coates D, Janoff-Bulman R
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1978 Aug;36(8):917-27. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.36.8.917.
Adaptation level theory suggests that both contrast and habituation will operate to prevent the winning of a fortune from elevating happiness as much as might be expected. Contrast with the peak experience of winning should lessen the impact of ordinary pleasures, while habituation should eventually reduce the value of new pleasures made possible by winning. Study 1 compared a sample of 22 major lottery winners with 22 controls and also with a group of 29 paralyzed accident victims who had been interviewed previously. As predicted, lottery winners were not happier than controls and took significantly less pleasure from a series of mundane events. Study 2 indicated that these effects were not due to preexisting differences between people who buy or do not buy lottery tickets or between interviews that made or did not make the lottery salient. Paraplegics also demonstrated a contrast effect, not by enhancing minor pleasures but by idealizing their past, which did not help their present happiness.
适应水平理论表明，对比和习惯化都会起作用，以防止赢得一大笔财富像预期的那样提升幸福感。与中奖的巅峰体验形成对比，会减少日常快乐的影响，而习惯化最终会降低中奖带来的新快乐的价值。研究1将22名主要彩票中奖者的样本与22名对照组进行了比较，还与一组之前接受过采访的29名瘫痪事故受害者进行了比较。正如预测的那样，彩票中奖者并不比对照组更幸福，并且从一系列平凡事件中获得的快乐明显更少。研究2表明，这些影响并非由于购买或不购买彩票的人之间预先存在的差异，也不是由于使彩票突出或不突出的采访之间的差异。截瘫患者也表现出对比效应，不是通过增强小快乐，而是通过理想化他们的过去，这对他们目前的幸福没有帮助。
