Haake Steve, Quirk Helen, Bullas Alice
The Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, The United Kingdom.
Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, The United Kingdom.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024 Oct 1;4(10):e0003580. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003580. eCollection 2024.
An intervention suggested by the World Health Organisation that might increase life satisfaction is parkrun, a free, weekly, timed five kilometre run or walk. The issues with such interventions are (1) whether they impact on the life satisfaction of their participants, and (2) whether they are cost-effective. A study of 548 newly registered parkrunners were asked about their life satisfaction at baseline and six months later. A change of one life satisfaction point per year per participant was defined as one WELLBY (wellbeing adjusted life year), with a value of £13,000. Three approaches were used to estimate the additionality (added value) of parkrun: (1) by comparing a participant's number of parkruns to total activity; (2) by accounting for the participant's perceived impact of parkrun across 16 measures; and (3) combining these two methods equally. After six months, weighted, seasonally adjusted life satisfaction increased from a mean of 7.489 to 7.746, a change of 0.257. Both life satisfaction improvement and additionality were greatest for the least active. Assuming only half a year of benefit, the total value of the life satisfaction change for the 2019 parkrun population of 400,167 participants was estimated as £667.4m, with the least active accounting for almost half. Comparing to the cost of running parkrun in 2019 and using the activity, impact and combined methods for additionality, benefit-cost analysis ratios were found to be 16.7, 98.5 and 59.3 to 1, respectively. These were between 2.8 to 16.7 times that of other population-level physical activity interventions. Physical health was a mediator between activity and life satisfaction; mental health was only found as a mediator when combined with physical activity. Successful features of parkrun that might guide other interventions include its framing (role, time, place and cost) and ability to forge both strong and weak social ties.
世界卫生组织建议的一项可能会提高生活满意度的干预措施是“公园跑”，这是一项免费的、每周一次、计时的5公里跑步或步行活动。这类干预措施存在两个问题：（1）它们是否会影响参与者的生活满意度；（2）它们是否具有成本效益。一项针对548名新注册的“公园跑”参与者的研究，询问了他们在基线时以及六个月后的生活满意度。将每位参与者每年生活满意度提高1分定义为1个“健康调整生命年”（WELLBY），其价值为13000英镑。研究采用了三种方法来估计“公园跑”的额外效益（附加值）：（1）将参与者的“公园跑”次数与总体活动量进行比较；（2）考虑参与者对“公园跑”在16项指标上的感知影响；（3）将这两种方法平等地结合起来。六个月后，经加权和季节性调整的生活满意度从平均7.489提高到7.746，变化了0.257。对于最不活跃的人群，生活满意度的提高和额外效益都是最大的。假设仅半年的效益，2019年参与“公园跑”的400167名参与者的生活满意度变化的总价值估计为6.674亿英镑，其中最不活跃的人群几乎占了一半。与2019年举办“公园跑”的成本相比，并使用活动量、影响和综合方法来计算额外效益，效益成本分析比率分别为16.7、98.5和59.3比1。这些比率是其他人群层面体育活动干预措施的2.8至16.7倍。身体健康是活动量与生活满意度之间的中介因素；只有在与体育活动相结合时，心理健康才被发现是一个中介因素。“公园跑”可能指导其他干预措施的成功特点包括其框架（角色、时间、地点和成本）以及建立强弱社会关系的能力。
