Hazell J W
Ciba Found Symp. 1981;85:35-53. doi: 10.1002/9780470720677.ch4.
Little quantitative measurement of tinnitus was possible before the development of the electric audiometer. Since then many ingenious attempts have been made to simulate the phenomenon. Frequency and masking measurements were described first in 1931 by E. M. Josephson and also by R. L. Wegel, and techniques involving loudness balance, free-field matching and taped sound effects have also been used. More accurate measurement of frequency content can be made by means of music synthesizer. A tinnitus measurement protocol should include assessment of: (1) frequency content; (2) loudness; (3) masking characteristics; and (4) objective measurements. Loudness measurements relate to the annoyance caused by the symptom, which depends, too, on the patient's personality and disposition. Masking characteristics also relate to the loudness of tinnitus and give additional guidance about the suitability of making therapy. They are repeatable and easy to perform. Objective measurements, whether performed with a stethoscope or intrameatal microphone, may reveal vascular bruits or cochlear emissions. We must wait to see how representative are the newer objective measurements of the subjective complaint.
在电子听力计发明之前，几乎无法对耳鸣进行定量测量。从那以后，人们进行了许多巧妙的尝试来模拟这种现象。1931年，E. M. 约瑟夫森以及R. L. 韦格尔首次描述了频率和掩蔽测量，响度平衡、自由场匹配和录音音效等技术也被使用过。借助音乐合成器可以更精确地测量频率成分。耳鸣测量方案应包括对以下方面的评估：（1）频率成分；（2）响度；（3）掩蔽特性；（4）客观测量。响度测量与该症状引起的烦恼程度有关，而烦恼程度也取决于患者的个性和性情。掩蔽特性也与耳鸣的响度有关，并为治疗的适用性提供额外指导。它们具有可重复性且易于操作。客观测量，无论是使用听诊器还是耳道内麦克风进行，都可能揭示血管杂音或耳蜗发射。我们必须拭目以待，看看这些新的客观测量对于主观症状的代表性如何。
