Kalisch B J, Kalisch P A, McHugh M L
Res Nurs Health. 1982 Sep;5(3):147-54. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770050306.
A content analysis of 191 motion pictures featuring 211 nurses as significant characters was conducted to determine the nature and extent of the motion picture industry's depiction of the nurse as a sex object and to identify changes in that portrayal from 1930 to 1980. Seventy-three percent of the nurse roles characterized nurses as sex objects. The frequency and intensity of stereotypes of nurses as sex objects rose significantly during the 1960s and 1970s (p less than .0001). Exploitation of the nurse as a sex object was more common in the larger nurse roles. However, in films with a strong emphasis on professional nursing in either the story or in character development, sexual stereotyping of nurses was uncommon. It was concluded that the image of the nurse as a professional care giver was incompatible with that of the nurse as sex object, and that the motion picture industry has opted primarily to present the latter image. The extremely negative sexual stereotype of nursing promulgated during the past 20 years is cause for concern. Actions that the nursing profession can employ to counter the unfavorable portrayal of nurses in 1980s motion pictures are suggested.
对191部以211名护士为重要角色的电影进行了内容分析，以确定电影行业将护士刻画成性对象的性质和程度，并识别1930年至1980年期间这种刻画的变化。73%的护士角色将护士刻画成性对象。在20世纪60年代和70年代，将护士刻画成性对象的刻板印象的频率和强度显著上升（p小于0.0001）。在较大的护士角色中，将护士作为性对象的 exploitation 更为常见。然而，在故事或角色发展中强烈强调专业护理的电影中，对护士的性别刻板印象并不常见。得出的结论是，护士作为专业护理者的形象与护士作为性对象的形象不相容，电影行业主要选择呈现后者形象。过去20年中宣扬的对护理工作极其负面的性别刻板印象令人担忧。文中提出了护理专业可以采取的行动，以应对20世纪80年代电影中对护士的不利刻画。 （注：exploitation 此处结合语境可能是“利用、剥削”等意思，需结合更完整文本准确理解）
