Garman T A, Binon P P, Averette D, Talman R G
J Prosthet Dent. 1980 Mar;43(3):298-302. doi: 10.1016/0022-3913(80)90405-9.
A laboratory study has shown that the first-half of self-shearing 2-in-1 self-threading pins, sizes 0.031 inch and 0.024 inch, fail to reach full channel depth when placed with either a hand wrench or an Auto Klutch handpiece. The average discrepancy of penetration is about 0.75 mm. This discrepancy in seating results in a significant excess pin length extending into the tooth preparation, which compromises the strength characteristics of the amalgam restoration.