Spiegel H
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;347:73-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb21256.x.
Clarifying misconceptions about hypnosis can reduce confusion about the place of hypnosis in forensic medicine. Hypnosis identifies a person's capacity for attentive, receptive concentration with parallel awareness. While in trance concentration, memory recall under interrogation should not only be subject to all the usual investigative safeguards with checks and balances, but even more so because the leverage effect of hypnotically enhanced memory is achieved at the risk of contamination by external and/or internal cues. This Janus-like feature enables incredibly accurate revivification and recall of perceived events but can also evoke false memories, false confessions, and the "honest liar syndrome." The internal and external factors that account for these contradictory possibilities--and the appropriate safeguards--are considered with case illustrations. In addition, a new use of trance capacity assessment contributes to clarifying diagnosis and the mental defect/disease issue. Knowledge of the uses and limits of hypnosis by the interrogating professionals enhance the judicious process of eliciting information and evidence.
澄清对催眠的误解可以减少人们对催眠在法医学中地位的困惑。催眠确定了一个人在平行意识状态下进行专注、接受性集中的能力。在催眠性专注状态下，审讯时的记忆回忆不仅应受到所有常规调查保障措施以及制衡机制的约束，而且更应如此，因为通过催眠增强记忆的杠杆效应是以受到外部和/或内部线索污染为风险实现的。这种双面性特征能够实现对感知事件令人难以置信的准确复原和回忆，但也可能引发虚假记忆、虚假供述以及“诚实说谎者综合征”。文中通过案例说明对导致这些矛盾可能性的内部和外部因素以及适当的保障措施进行了探讨。此外，催眠能力评估的一种新用途有助于明确诊断以及精神缺陷/疾病问题。审讯专业人员了解催眠的用途和局限性，有助于明智地获取信息和证据。
