Haenlein G F, Hines H C, Zikakis J P
J Dairy Sci. 1980 Jul;63(7):1145-53. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)83060-8.
Ten polymorphic systems of blood antigens and blood proteins were analyzed in 6,802 Guernsey cows from 77 herds and 11 states. The numbers of alleles identified with frequencies > 1% in the A, B, C, F, J, L, M, S, and Z blood antigen systems and the alkaline phosphatase system were 3, 17, 11, 2, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, and 2. Gene frequencies were determined by maximum likelihood, allocation, and square root methods for the dominant systems and by the gene counting method for the codominant system. Distributions varied greatly in the different systems. Comparisons among these and other blood and milk genetic marker systems revealed lack of independence of J and alkaline phosphatase phenotypes, J and milk protein beta-lactoglobulin phenotypes, and of combined phenotypes of the three systems. More cows than expected were J-negative when alkaline phosphatase A was present or when beta-lactoglobulin B was present. Phenotypes of blood antigen system A and hemoglobin were also different from independent assortment. More hemoglobin B cows had blood antigen system A phenotype A than the other phenotypes. The blood antigen locus F had more heterozygous cows than were expected for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
对来自11个州77个牛群的6802头根西奶牛的10个血液抗原和血液蛋白多态系统进行了分析。在A、B、C、F、J、L、M、S和Z血液抗原系统以及碱性磷酸酶系统中，等位基因频率大于1%的等位基因数量分别为3、17、11、2、2、2、1、3、2和2。对于显性系统，通过最大似然法、分配法和平方根法确定基因频率；对于共显性系统，通过基因计数法确定基因频率。不同系统中的分布差异很大。对这些以及其他血液和牛奶遗传标记系统的比较显示，J与碱性磷酸酶表型、J与牛奶蛋白β-乳球蛋白表型以及这三个系统的联合表型之间缺乏独立性。当存在碱性磷酸酶A或β-乳球蛋白B时，J阴性的奶牛数量比预期的多。血液抗原系统A和血红蛋白的表型也不符合独立分配。血红蛋白B型奶牛中血液抗原系统A表型为A的奶牛比其他表型的奶牛多。血液抗原位点F的杂合奶牛数量比哈迪-温伯格平衡预期的要多。
