Tesini D A
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1980 Oct;8(7):355-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1980.tb01307.x.
Oral hygiene has been implicated as a casual factor in the development of dental caries and periodontal disease in mentally retarded individuals. Little attention, however, has been given to the determinants of oral hygiene status. The present paper assesses the oral hygiene status of institutionalized (I) and noninstitutionalized (NI) mentally retarded (MR) individuals aged 4 through 25, in relation to age, degree of mental retardation, and socioeconomic status. Institutional status was found to be a major determinant in oral hygiene conditions of the study group, as IMR individuals had significantly higher OHI scores than NIMR individuals. Associations of age and OHI were significant only for NIMR. Although differences between I and NI groups, with respect to degree of mental retardation, were seen for mildly, moderately, and severely retarded, no significant difference in OHI scores between I and NI profoundly retarded was seen. Socioeconomic status was not found to be a significant factor in the oral hygiene status of MR individuals. This study emphasizes the need to assess age, degree of mental retardation, and institutional status when implicating oral hygiene in caries and periodontal disease prevalence in MR individuals.
口腔卫生已被认为是智障人士患龋齿和牙周疾病的一个偶然因素。然而，人们很少关注口腔卫生状况的决定因素。本文评估了4至25岁的机构照料（I）和非机构照料（NI）智障（MR）个体的口腔卫生状况，以及其与年龄、智障程度和社会经济地位的关系。研究发现，机构照料状况是研究组口腔卫生状况的一个主要决定因素，因为机构照料的智障个体（IMR）的口腔卫生指数（OHI）得分显著高于非机构照料的智障个体（NIMR）。年龄与OHI的关联仅在NIMR中显著。尽管在轻度、中度和重度智障个体中，I组和NI组在智障程度方面存在差异，但在极重度智障的I组和NI组之间，OHI得分没有显著差异。社会经济地位未被发现是智障个体口腔卫生状况的一个重要因素。本研究强调，在探讨口腔卫生与智障个体龋齿和牙周疾病患病率的关系时，需要评估年龄、智障程度和机构照料状况。
