Goodman M M, Newton K J, Stuber C W
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Mar;78(3):1783-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1783.
Five independently inherited loci on five distinct chromosomes encode the mitochondrial and cytosolic isozymes of NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (MDH; L-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37). Multiple alleles, including electrophoretic nulls, occur for each locus. However, a single allele of normal activity at one of the three loci encoding the mitochondrial MDHs is sufficient for normal development, whereas plants with essentially no cytosolic MDH activity function normally. The requirement of a normal activity allele at one of the three structural loci encoding the mitochondrial MDHs demonstrates in plants that a commonly studied dehydrogenase enzyme is essential for normal embryogenesis.
五个独立遗传的基因座位于五条不同的染色体上，它们编码依赖于NAD的苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH；L-苹果酸：NAD+氧化还原酶，EC 1.1.1.37）的线粒体和胞质同工酶。每个基因座都存在多个等位基因，包括电泳无活性的等位基因。然而，在编码线粒体MDH的三个基因座之一上，一个具有正常活性的单一等位基因就足以实现正常发育，而基本上没有胞质MDH活性的植物也能正常发挥功能。在编码线粒体MDH的三个结构基因座之一上需要一个具有正常活性的等位基因，这在植物中表明，一种常被研究的脱氢酶对于正常胚胎发生是必不可少的。
