Bronstein S L, Tomasetti B J, Ryan D E
J Oral Surg. 1981 Aug;39(8):572-84.
The diagnosis of dysfunctional temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders unresponsive to nonsurgical treatments heretofore has often been empirical. With the development of TMJ arthrography, diagnosis has been greatly improved; an accurate picture of the condition of the joint now provides a substantial base on which to build a rational and reasonable treatment plan. Clinical symptoms can be accurately correlated with the radiographic picture, a valid surgical procedure can be performed because the joint condition is known, and a meaningful prognosis can be determined. Successful management, however, very often requires multifaceted treatment consisting not only of surgery but also of bite-plate, occlusal, restorative, and physical therapy, both preoperatively and postoperatively.
以往，对非手术治疗无反应的颞下颌关节（TMJ）功能紊乱症的诊断往往是凭经验的。随着颞下颌关节造影术的发展，诊断有了很大改进；关节状况的准确图像现在为制定合理的治疗方案提供了坚实的基础。临床症状可以与影像学图像准确关联，由于已知关节状况，所以可以进行有效的外科手术，并且可以确定有意义的预后。然而，成功的治疗通常需要多方面的治疗，不仅包括手术，还包括术前和术后的咬合板、咬合、修复和物理治疗。
