Hafner R J
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1981 Sep;15(3):243-9. doi: 10.3109/00048678109159442.
Twenty male and 20 female agoraphobics, matched for age and marital status, were systematically compared using self-report questionnaire measures of symptoms and hostility, and clinical observations. The males differed significantly from the females as follows: the males were less phobic of social situations but more preoccupied with somatic symptoms and related fears. The females were more phobic of mental illness, more extrapunitive, and reported fewer obsessional symptoms. Two distinct but overlapping clinical sub-groups of males were defined. The sub-group in which separation anxiety, extreme dependence on spouse, denial of hostility and hypochondriasis were prominent, responded poorly to behavioural treatment; the sub-group in which a fear of loss of control of aggressive impulses and generalised anxiety were prominent, responded comparatively well to behaviour therapy.
选取了20名男性和20名女性广场恐惧症患者，他们在年龄和婚姻状况上相匹配，采用症状和敌意的自我报告问卷测量方法以及临床观察对他们进行了系统比较。男性与女性有显著差异，具体如下：男性对社交场合的恐惧较轻，但更关注躯体症状及相关恐惧。女性对精神疾病更恐惧，更倾向于外罚性，且报告的强迫症状较少。定义了男性的两个不同但有重叠的临床亚组。分离焦虑、对配偶极度依赖、否认敌意和疑病症突出的亚组对行为治疗反应不佳；对攻击性冲动失控的恐惧和广泛性焦虑突出的亚组对行为疗法反应相对较好。
