Olson R A, Fonseca R J, Zeitler D L, Osbon D B
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1982 Jan;40(1):23-8. doi: 10.1016/s0278-2391(82)80011-6.
The anatomic distribution of fractures in this study showed more fractures of the condylar and parasymphysis/symphysis regions, with correspondingly fewer body and angle fractures, than in other reported studies. The site of fracture is related to the type of trauma involved. Altercations, in which most force is directed in a single blow to the lateral aspect of the jaw, tend to result more frequently in angle and body fractures and less often in condylar, symphysis, and alveolar fractures. Automobile accidents, which more frequently involve trauma to the anterior mandible, result in more fractures of the symphysis region, alveolus and condyle. Motorcycle accidents produce many more alveolar fractures, suggesting that the traumatic force in this kind of accident is often directed to the alveolus. As might be expected, those individuals involved in motor vehicle accidents had the highest incidence of other injuries in addition to the mandibular fractures. Injuries to the head and neck were most common, but a wide variety of other injuries occurred. Complications are more common in the patient who has sustained multiple trauma. Most fractures were treated by closed reduction. When open reduction was necessary, the most common sites were the angle, body, and symphysis regions.
本研究中骨折的解剖分布显示，与其他已报道的研究相比，髁突及下颌骨旁正中/正中联合区域的骨折更多，而体部和角部骨折相应较少。骨折部位与所涉及的创伤类型有关。斗殴时，大部分力量集中于对下颌骨外侧的单次打击，往往更易导致角部和体部骨折，而髁突、正中联合及牙槽骨折则较少见。汽车事故更常涉及下颌骨前部创伤，导致正中联合区域、牙槽及髁突骨折更多。摩托车事故导致更多的牙槽骨折，表明此类事故中的创伤力量常指向牙槽。正如所料，那些涉及机动车事故的个体除下颌骨骨折外，其他损伤的发生率最高。头部和颈部损伤最为常见，但也发生了各种各样的其他损伤。多发伤患者并发症更常见。大多数骨折采用闭合复位治疗。当需要切开复位时，最常见的部位是角部、体部和正中联合区域。
