Bankvall G, Håkansson H A
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1982 May;53(5):532-40. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(82)90472-8.
The absorbed doses and energy imparted from radiographic examinations of children, using panoramic tomography (PTG), cephalometric radiography (CPR), and maxillary frontal occlusal overview (FOO), were examined. The absorbed dose at various sites of the head were measured with TL dosimeters in a phantom and in patients. The energy imparted was calculated from measurements of areal exposure using a planparallel ionization chamber. The maximum absorbed doses for panoramic tomography were located around the lateral rotation center, for cephalometric radiography in the left (tube side) parotid region, and for frontal occlusal radiography in the nose. The absorbed doses in the eyes, thyroid gland, and skin are discussed and compared with previous reports and, for the most part, are found to be in agreement. The mean energy imparted from all three examination methods is 5 mJ with about 57 percent from panoramic, 33 percent from cephalometric, and 10 percent from frontal occlusal examinations. The energy imparted from cephalometric radiography can be reduced to about 10 percent with the use of an improved examination technique, leaving panoramic tomography responsible for contributing about 80 percent of the total energy imparted.
对儿童使用全景断层扫描（PTG）、头影测量X线摄影（CPR）和上颌前部咬合全景片（FOO）进行X线检查时的吸收剂量和授予能量进行了检测。使用热释光剂量计在体模和患者体内对头的各个部位的吸收剂量进行了测量。授予能量是根据使用平面平行电离室对面积照射的测量结果计算得出的。全景断层扫描的最大吸收剂量位于外侧旋转中心周围，头影测量X线摄影的最大吸收剂量位于左侧（管侧）腮腺区域，前部咬合X线摄影的最大吸收剂量位于鼻部。对眼睛、甲状腺和皮肤的吸收剂量进行了讨论，并与之前的报告进行了比较，发现大部分结果是一致的。三种检查方法授予能量的平均值为5 mJ，其中全景检查约占57%，头影测量检查约占33%，前部咬合检查约占10%。使用改进的检查技术，头影测量X线摄影授予的能量可降低至约10%，全景断层扫描授予的能量约占总授予能量的80%。
