Cadenas E, Wefers H, Müller A, Brigelius R, Sies H
Agents Actions Suppl. 1982;11:203-16.
"Oxidative stress" takes place in animal tissues when the balance between the cellular defense mechanisms (glutathione cycle, superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin E, etc.) and conditions capable of triggering oxidative reactions is altered. The oxidative reactions which occur under a variety of conditions were assessed by two non-invasive methods, low-level chemiluminescence and volatile hydrocarbon production. Oxidative stress induced by hyperoxia or organic hydroperoxides in isolated hepatocytes or the perfused liver, respectively, is accompanied by low-level chemiluminescence, the intensity of which is enhanced upon perturbation of the glutathione cycle system, i.e., glutathione depletion and/or selenium deficiency. Oxidative stress during redox cycling of paraquat, when infused into the perfused liver, is not accompanied by light emission, whereas menadione, a substance also capable of redox cycling, was found to elicit photoemission under similar conditions. The basal rates of ethane release by the perfused liver are enhanced during oxidative conditions such as metabolism of hydroperoxides, paraquat redox cycling, and ethanol oxidation. Alkane release during the latter involves the participation of alcohol dehydrogenase and further products of ethanol oxidation, i.e., acetaldehyde, as well as free radicals in some stage of the process. In vivo ethane release by animals with adjuvant arthritis was found higher than in controls, presumably due to a systemic response of liver to inflammation.
当细胞防御机制（谷胱甘肽循环、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、维生素E等）与能够引发氧化反应的条件之间的平衡被打破时，动物组织中就会发生“氧化应激”。通过两种非侵入性方法，即低水平化学发光和挥发性碳氢化合物生成，评估了在各种条件下发生的氧化反应。分别在分离的肝细胞或灌注肝脏中，由高氧或有机氢过氧化物诱导的氧化应激伴随着低水平化学发光，当谷胱甘肽循环系统受到干扰，即谷胱甘肽耗竭和/或硒缺乏时，其强度会增强。百草枯在灌注肝脏中进行氧化还原循环时的氧化应激不伴随发光现象，而在类似条件下，发现同样能够进行氧化还原循环的甲萘醌会引发光发射。在诸如氢过氧化物代谢（百草枯氧化还原循环、乙醇氧化）等氧化条件下，灌注肝脏释放乙烷的基础速率会提高。后者过程中烷烃的释放涉及乙醇脱氢酶以及乙醇氧化的进一步产物（即乙醛）的参与，以及该过程某些阶段的自由基。发现佐剂性关节炎动物体内乙烷的释放量高于对照组，这可能是肝脏对炎症的一种全身性反应所致。
