Batchelor A L, Buckley P, Gore D J, Jenner T J, Major I R, Bailey M R
Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1980 Mar;37(3):249-66. doi: 10.1080/09553008014550311.
In a preliminary investigation of 'hot particle' carcinogenesis uranium oxide particles were introduced into the lungs of rats either by intubation of a liquid suspension of the particles or by inhalation of an aerosol. Subsequently the animals were briefly exposed to slow neutrons in a nuclear reactor, resulting in localized irradiation of the lung by fission fragments emitted from 235U atoms in the oxide particles. The uranium used in the intubation experiments was either enriched or depleted in 235U. Squamous cell carcinomas developed at the site of deposition of the enriched uranium oxide in many cases but no lung tumours occurred in the rats with the depleted uranium oxide, in which the lung tissue was exposed to very few fission fragments. Only enriched uranium oxide was used in the inhalation experiments. Pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas occurred after the fission fragment irradiation but were fewer than in the intubation experiments. Adenocarcinomas of the lung were seen in rats exposed to uranium oxide without subsequent irradiation by neutrons in the reactor and in rats irradiated with neutrons but not previously exposed to uranium oxide. It is concluded that (i) fission fragments were possibly implicated in the genesis of the squamous cell carcinomas, which only developed in those animals exposed to enriched uranium oxide and neutrons and (ii) the adenocarcinomas in the rats inhaling enriched uranium oxide only were likely to have been caused by protracted irradiation of the lung with alpha-rays emitted from the enriched uranium.
在一项关于“热粒子”致癌作用的初步研究中，通过向大鼠肺部插管注入颗粒的液体悬浮液或吸入气雾剂的方式，将氧化铀颗粒引入大鼠肺部。随后，让这些动物在核反应堆中短暂暴露于慢中子下，导致肺部受到氧化铀颗粒中235U原子发射的裂变碎片的局部照射。插管实验中使用的铀在235U中要么是富集的，要么是贫化的。许多情况下，富集氧化铀沉积部位出现了鳞状细胞癌，但贫化氧化铀的大鼠未发生肺部肿瘤，这些大鼠的肺组织仅受到极少的裂变碎片照射。吸入实验仅使用了富集氧化铀。裂变碎片照射后出现了肺鳞状细胞癌，但比插管实验中的要少。在未随后在反应堆中接受中子照射的暴露于氧化铀的大鼠以及接受中子照射但先前未暴露于氧化铀的大鼠中，发现了肺腺癌。得出的结论是：（i）裂变碎片可能与鳞状细胞癌的发生有关，鳞状细胞癌仅在那些暴露于富集氧化铀和中子的动物中出现；（ii）仅吸入富集氧化铀的大鼠中的腺癌可能是由富集铀发射的α射线对肺部的长期照射引起的。
