Oelrich T M
Anat Rec. 1978 Aug;191(4):433-45. doi: 10.1002/ar.1091910404.
The anatomy of parts of the pelvic outlet and perineum is described in an adult male gorilla. Two previously undescribed muscles are presented: (1) The puborectalis muscle, completely separated from the levator ani, arises from the region of the symphysis and forms a sling for the rectum while it also substitutes for the perineal membrane. (2) The puboampullaris muscle, a paired smooth muscle, arises from the pubis and inserts into the rectum to elevate the rectum while additionally providing support for the urogenital viscera. The levator ani muscle is recounted to point out its lack of attachment to the pelvic viscera while allowing a hiatus in which the rectum is exposed within the perineum. The sphincter urethrae muscle is presented emphasizing its true sphincteric characteristics, its absence of lateral attachments and its similarity to man. Other muscles of the pelvis and perineum as well as urogenital viscera are described or modified where necessary. The manner in which these structures enter into the support of the pelvic viscera is considered.
本文描述了成年雄性大猩猩骨盆出口和会阴部分的解剖结构。文中介绍了两块此前未被描述过的肌肉：（1）耻骨直肠肌，它与肛提肌完全分离，起自耻骨联合区域，形成直肠吊带，同时还替代了会阴膜。（2）耻骨壶腹肌，为成对的平滑肌，起自耻骨，止于直肠，用于提升直肠，同时为泌尿生殖脏器提供额外支撑。文中还提及了肛提肌，指出其未附着于盆腔脏器，而是在会阴内形成一个间隙，使直肠得以暴露。文中介绍了尿道括约肌，强调了其真正的括约肌特性、无外侧附着以及与人类的相似性。必要时还描述或修正了骨盆、会阴的其他肌肉以及泌尿生殖脏器。本文还探讨了这些结构对盆腔脏器的支撑方式。
