Bernau A, Kruppa G
Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 1981 Feb;119(1):126-37. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1051434.
In a prospective study 1200 sequences of low frequency electrostimulation and ultrasonic therapy have been examined. The basics of the type of currents applied, the therapy scheme and the indication routine are presented. These parameters were kept constant in the course of the 2 years' study. For the treatment 8 different apparatuses were available. The actual current shapes of the generators were measured, the influence of constant-current and constant-voltage output circuits were tested and were discussed in relation to the electrode types.--Advantages and disadvantages of disposable-type, sponge-type, lead-type and vacuum-type electrodes are reported. Treatments were carried out with the current types DF and CP of the diadynamic currents alone, as combined therapy together with ultrasound, as mere ultrasound treatment, as ultrastimulation current, as iontophoresis and galvanic current. The results are compared with comparable examinations by other authors and they are discussed with respect to different influencing factors.