Jain N C, Switzer J W
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1981 May;11(2):421-34. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(81)50037-4.
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia has been recognized as a distinct entity in the dog and cat. It is characterized by: (1) clinical signs of thrombocytopenia, such as hemorrhages into the skin and tissues and from body orifices, (2) coagulation defects related to thrombocytopenia, such as prolonged bleeding time and poor clot retraction, (3) hematologic changes such as severe to moderate thrombocytopenia, often blood loss anemia, and signs of increased erythropoiesis, and (4) an absence or decreased number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow during early phase and increased number during compensatory phase. Megakaryocytes may also show morphologic abnormalities. Serologic diagnosis of AITP in the dog and cat currently involves demonstration of antiplatelet antibody in serum by PF-3 test and/or associated with marrow megakaryocytes by a technique of direct immunofluorescence. Circumstances leading to formation of antiplatelet antibody remain unknown. Immune-mediated platelet destruction is believed to occur in the reticuloendothelial system, primarily in the spleen. Treatment consists primarily of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Dogs with primary AITP generally respond favorably to such therapy.
自身免疫性血小板减少症在犬猫中已被确认为一种独特的病症。其特征如下：（1）血小板减少的临床症状，如皮肤和组织出血以及身体孔窍出血；（2）与血小板减少相关的凝血缺陷，如出血时间延长和血块回缩不良；（3）血液学变化，如重度至中度血小板减少，常伴有失血性贫血以及红细胞生成增加的迹象；（4）早期骨髓中巨核细胞数量缺失或减少，代偿期数量增加。巨核细胞也可能出现形态异常。目前犬猫AITP的血清学诊断包括通过PF - 3试验证明血清中存在抗血小板抗体，和/或通过直接免疫荧光技术证明与骨髓巨核细胞相关。导致抗血小板抗体形成的情况尚不清楚。免疫介导的血小板破坏被认为发生在网状内皮系统，主要是在脾脏。治疗主要包括使用皮质类固醇和其他免疫抑制药物。原发性AITP的犬对这种治疗通常反应良好。
