Huttunen J K
Ann Clin Res. 1982;14 Suppl 34:124-9.
Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that physically active subjects have lower serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration than individuals with sedentary lifestyle. Furthermore, the serum concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is increased in subjects with very high physical activity (Wood et al., 1976). A decrease in serum triglycerides and an increase in HDL has been demonstrated also during training programs consisting of mild to moderate exercise (Huttunen et al., 1979). The mechanism of the exercise-induced changes in serum lipids is not clear. The alterations are not due solely to weight reduction, although this factor contributes to the favourable development in some individuals. One explanation for the reciprocal changes in serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol is the activation of the lipoprotein lipase, the enzyme responsible for catabolism of serum triglycerides. Thus, negative correlations are present between serum triglyceride concentration and the activities of postheparin plasma and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase, whereas a positive relationship has been reported between HDL cholesterol level and the activity of adipose tissue lipase (Nikkilä et al., 1978). Furthermore, physical exercise increases the activity of lipoprotein lipase in the skeletal muscle and in the adipose tissue (Nikkilä et al., 1978). Chronic training may also lead to decreased production of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (Robinson et al., 1974) and to activation of the enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) involved in the transfer of unesterified cholesterol from cells to nascent HDL (Lopez-S. et al., 1974). In summary, there is good evidence that regular physical activity lowers the concentration of plasma VLDL triglycerides and raises the concentration of plasma HDL cholesterol in man. Further studies are, however, needed to prove that these changes result in worthwhile reduction of atherosclerotic disease.
流行病学和临床研究表明，与久坐不动的个体相比，身体活跃的受试者血清胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度更低。此外，身体活动量非常高的受试者血清高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇浓度会升高（伍德等人，1976年）。在由轻度至中度运动组成的训练项目中，也已证实血清甘油三酯降低且HDL升高（胡图宁等人，1979年）。运动引起血清脂质变化的机制尚不清楚。这些改变并非仅由体重减轻所致，尽管该因素在某些个体中有助于产生有利的变化。血清甘油三酯和HDL胆固醇相互变化的一种解释是脂蛋白脂肪酶的激活，该酶负责血清甘油三酯的分解代谢。因此，血清甘油三酯浓度与肝素后血浆及脂肪组织脂蛋白脂肪酶的活性之间存在负相关，而HDL胆固醇水平与脂肪组织脂肪酶的活性之间已报道存在正相关（尼基拉等人，1978年）。此外，体育锻炼会增加骨骼肌和脂肪组织中脂蛋白脂肪酶的活性（尼基拉等人，1978年）。长期训练还可能导致极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）的产生减少（罗宾逊等人，1974年），并激活参与将未酯化胆固醇从细胞转移至新生HDL的卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（LCAT）（洛佩斯 - S等人，1974年）。总之，有充分证据表明规律的体育活动可降低人体血浆VLDL甘油三酯的浓度并提高血浆HDL胆固醇的浓度。然而，还需要进一步研究来证明这些变化会切实降低动脉粥样硬化疾病的发生率。
