Picatoste y Patiño J, Martín García B, Hernández Rodríguez R, Portillo Martín J A
Arch Esp Urol. 1980 Jan-Feb;33(1):1-18.
The authors make a historical review of the successive stages in Man's attempt to be able to observe directly the inside of the cavities of the human body and more precisely of the bladder, which from the start long ago, led to the apparatuses invented during the first half of the 19th Century (Bozzini, Ségalas, Bonbalgini, Fisher, Avery, Desormeaux, Hacken, Cruise, Grünfeld, Luys, etc.) until the 9th March 1879 when Maximilian Nitze presented in the Vienna Medical Society and published in the journal Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift his brilliant invention of the apparatus which completely changed the knowledge of vesical pathology: the cystoscope. Reference is made to the successive alternations that the primitive cystoscope invented by Nitze has undergone before arriving at the present-day cystoscopes of such great precision and usefulness in hospitals. Reference is also made to another series of creations designed by Nitze, such as a cystoscope for ureteral catheterism (which, however, was of no practical use and it was not until Albarrán's creation that the catheterism of the ureters could be achieved), an operating cystoscope, a ureteral probe with a dilating ball to enable stones to be expelled from the ureter, a "camera" for endoscopic photography, etc.
作者对人类试图直接观察人体腔内部，更确切地说是膀胱内部的连续阶段进行了历史回顾，这一尝试从很久以前就开始了，一直到19世纪上半叶发明的各种器械（博齐尼、塞加拉、邦巴尔吉尼、费舍尔、艾弗里、德索莫、哈肯、克鲁斯、格伦费尔德、吕伊斯等），直到1879年3月9日，马克西米利安·尼茨在维也纳医学协会展示并在《维也纳医学周刊》上发表了他的杰出发明——一种彻底改变膀胱病理学知识的器械：膀胱镜。文中提到了尼茨最初发明的膀胱镜在发展到如今医院中如此精密且实用的膀胱镜之前所经历的一系列变革。还提到了尼茨设计的另一系列发明，比如用于输尿管插管的膀胱镜（然而，它并无实际用途，直到阿尔巴兰的发明才实现了输尿管插管）、手术膀胱镜、带有扩张球以促使结石从输尿管排出的输尿管探子、用于内镜摄影的“相机”等。
