Khoo S K
Aust Fam Physician. 1980 Feb;Suppl:3-7.
The introduction of the oral steroid pill and the intrauterine device represents an improved, effective and acceptable means of regulating fertility, but this has been tempered by concern over their safety. Although the Pill frequently is associated with minor side effects, serious complications are rare. The issues of greatest concern are the relationship to carcinogenesis, for which there is no evidence of greater risk in general, and that to the circulatory system diseases, with evidence to indicate an increased risk, albeit relatively small, but more particularly in older women who smoke. The device, although frequently not tolerated because of pain and bleeding, very rarely carries the risk of serious consequences, and its relationship to infection, both in early pregnancy and in the oviduct, is yet to be resolved. The benefits derived from these methods should not go unnoticed, through providing the woman with a freedom from fear of pregnancy previously not possible.
口服甾体避孕药和宫内节育器的引入，代表了一种改进的、有效的且可接受的调节生育的方法，但对其安全性的担忧使其优势有所缓和。尽管避孕药经常伴有轻微副作用，但严重并发症很少见。最受关注的问题是与致癌作用的关系（总体上没有证据表明风险更高）以及与循环系统疾病的关系（有证据表明风险增加，尽管相对较小，尤其是在吸烟的老年女性中）。宫内节育器尽管常因疼痛和出血而不被耐受，但极少有严重后果的风险，其与早期妊娠和输卵管感染的关系尚待解决。这些方法带来的益处不应被忽视，因为它们使女性摆脱了以往对怀孕的恐惧。
