Beckmann C F, Abrams H L
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1980;3(1):45-70. doi: 10.1007/BF02551962.
Selective renal venography is a simple but important diagnostic procedure which has few complications. A thorough knowledge of renal venous anatomy is essential for its proper performance and clinical application. This is particularly true because renal venous variations are frequent and may interfere with the successful appraoch to retroperitoneal surgery. The method is widely accepted for the evaluation of the renal venous bed in patients with suspected renal vein thrombosis or hematuria of unknown etiology. It depicts the extent of renal venous involvement in renal carcinoma and clarifies the diagnosis in some patients with avascular tumors, renal pelvic carcinoma, and retroperitoneal tumors. It may also be useful in defining the morphologic abnormality when the kidney fails to visualize on urography, in delineating the extent and nature of renal parenchymal disease, and in enhancing the precision of renal vein renin collection.
选择性肾静脉造影是一种简单但重要的诊断方法，并发症较少。全面了解肾静脉解剖结构对于正确操作和临床应用至关重要。这一点尤为重要，因为肾静脉变异很常见，可能会干扰腹膜后手术的成功进行。该方法被广泛用于评估疑似肾静脉血栓形成或病因不明血尿患者的肾静脉床。它能描绘出肾癌中肾静脉受累的程度，并在一些无血管肿瘤、肾盂癌和腹膜后肿瘤患者中明确诊断。当肾脏在尿路造影中不显影时，它也有助于确定形态学异常，描绘肾实质疾病的范围和性质，并提高肾静脉肾素采集的精确度。
