Anatomical variants of renal veins: A meta-analysis of prevalence.

The main aim of this article is to establish the actual prevalence of renal vein variations (circumaortic renal vein, retroaortic renal vein, double renal vein), and to increase awareness about them. To this purpose, we have performed a meta-analysis of prevalence, using the MetaXL package, We included 105 articles in the final analysis of prevalence, of which 88 contained data about retroaortic renal vein, 84 - about circumaortic renal vein, and 51 - about multiple renal veins. The overall prevalence for retroaortic renal vein was 3% (CI:2.4-3.6%), for circumaortic renal vein - 3.5% (CI:2.8-4.4%), and for multiple renal veins - 16.7% (14.3-19.2%), much higher on the right 16.6 (14.2-19.1%) than on the left side 2.1 (1.3-3.2%). The results were relatively homogenous between studies, with only a minor publication bias overall.