Paulus J M, Deschamps J F, Prenant M, Casals F J
Blood Cells. 1980;6(2):215-28.
A sequential exploration of the kinetics of platelets, megakaryocytes, and their progenitors is devised, wherein abnormalities at one level of differentiation are the subject of further analysis at the preceding level. Platelet kinetics yield estimates of mean platelet life span, fraction of platelet mass in circulation and daily production, making it possible to recognize the disorders of hyperdestruction, hypersequestration, hypoproduction, and hyperproduction. Theoretical considerations and regression analysis of a variety of computer-simulated survival tests show that sufficient information is contained in the first four days of the disappearance curve of population labeled platelets to provide an estimate of mean life span with an error of 9%--15%. Identifying the type of destruction disorder depends on developing tests and parameters which will make it possible to integrate into a coherent model such indices as the rate of senescence, the rates of reversible and irreversible aggregation, and the rates of adhesion to and phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system. Foremost among the existing models is the multiple-hit theory, although its validity rests on the unproved assumption that platelets keep a permanent memory of their injuries. Identifying the type of production disorder is the purpose of megakaryocyte kinetics. The daily production of megakaryocytes could be derived from the daily platelet production and the number of platelets released per megakaryocyte; determining megakaryocyte number would also yield the mean megakaryocyte maturation time. All these parameters could be obtained by combining a simple radioiron dilution method with cytochemical identification of megakaryocytes and with advanced, automated morphometric techniques. Abnormalities of megakaryocyte number and size can be further analyzed by studying the kinetics of thrombocytic precursors in tissue culture, i.e., by recording the distribution of precursor doublings and megakaryocyte ploidy histograms. The application of these techniques to cultures of bone marrow suggest that endomitosis may be initiated by any megakaryocyte precursor and that the kinetics of this process influence the number and final ploidy level of megakaryocytes.
设计了一项对血小板、巨核细胞及其祖细胞动力学的序贯研究，其中一个分化水平上的异常是在前一个水平上进一步分析的对象。血小板动力学可得出平均血小板寿命、循环中血小板质量分数和每日生成量的估计值，从而能够识别过度破坏、过度滞留、生成不足和生成过多等病症。对各种计算机模拟存活试验的理论考量和回归分析表明，在标记血小板群体消失曲线的前四天内包含了足够的信息，可提供平均寿命的估计值，误差为9% - 15%。确定破坏病症的类型取决于开发测试和参数，以便能够将诸如衰老速率、可逆和不可逆聚集速率以及与网状内皮系统的黏附及吞噬速率等指标整合到一个连贯的模型中。现有模型中最重要的是多打击理论，尽管其有效性基于血小板对其损伤有永久记忆这一未经证实的假设。确定生成病症的类型是巨核细胞动力学的目的。巨核细胞的每日生成量可从每日血小板生成量和每个巨核细胞释放的血小板数量推导得出；确定巨核细胞数量也可得出平均巨核细胞成熟时间。所有这些参数可通过将简单的放射性铁稀释法与巨核细胞的细胞化学鉴定以及先进的自动化形态计量技术相结合来获得。巨核细胞数量和大小的异常可通过研究组织培养中血小板前体的动力学进一步分析，即通过记录前体倍增分布和巨核细胞倍性直方图。将这些技术应用于骨髓培养表明，核内有丝分裂可能由任何巨核细胞前体启动，并且这一过程的动力学影响巨核细胞的数量和最终倍性水平。
