Siegel J D, McCracken G H, Threlkeld N, Milvenan B, Rosenfeld C R
N Engl J Med. 1980 Oct 2;303(14):769-75. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198010023031401.
Neonatal Group B streptococcal infections may not respond to antimicrobial therapy and have been associated with case fatality rates of 50 per cent or greater. We evaluated the effect on colonization and disease rates of a single intramuscular dose of aqueous penicillin G given at birth in a prospectively controlled study of 18,738 neonates during a 25-month period. The colonization rate in the mothers was 26.6 per cent, with 50 per cent concordance in the untreated infants and 12.2 per cent in the penicillin-treated infants (P < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the incidence of disease caused by all penicillin-susceptible organisms in the penicillin group (0.64 vs. 2.26 cases per thousand live births, P = 0.005). Disease caused by penicillin-resistant pathogens was increased in the penicillin-treated group during the first year of the study but was unaffected during the second year. Routine administration of parenteral penicillin at birth cannot be recommended until the effect on the incidence of disease caused by penicillin-resistant pathogens is fully defined.
新生儿B族链球菌感染可能对抗菌治疗无反应，且病死率达50%或更高。在一项对18738名新生儿进行的为期25个月的前瞻性对照研究中，我们评估了出生时单次肌内注射水溶性青霉素G对定植率和发病率的影响。母亲的定植率为26.6%，未治疗婴儿的一致率为50%，青霉素治疗婴儿的一致率为12.2%（P<0.001）。青霉素组中所有对青霉素敏感的病原体引起的疾病发病率显著降低（每千例活产中0.64例对2.26例，P=0.005）。在研究的第一年，青霉素治疗组中由耐青霉素病原体引起的疾病有所增加，但在第二年未受影响。在耐青霉素病原体引起的疾病发病率的影响完全明确之前，不建议常规在出生时给予肠外青霉素。
