Chertok L
Ann Med Psychol (Paris). 1980 May;138(5):529-42.
Hypnosis and the unconscious: both fields equally obscure, giving rise to broad plurality of conceptions. The only point we may assert with any certainty is that they are closely linked. Historically, experiments on post-hypnotic suggestion were in fact the starting point for the discovery of the unconscious. Post-hypnotic suggestion is in effect one of the most irrefutable proofs that psychical contents can influence behaviour, albeit eluding the subject's consciousness. In this paper, we provide a description of Soviet researchers' conceptions of the unconscious, and of the point of view from which they approach hypnotic phenomena. We then study psychoanalytical theories on hypnosis, which are essentially based on transference. We show why this notion seems to us powerless to account for the specific nature of the hypnotic relationship. There is, in effect, a psycho-physiological dimension of hypnosis. It lies at the crossroads between the instrumental and the relational. But we know nothing about what unconscious processes hide at the psycho-physiological level. Psychoanalysis has brought to light the laws governing the functioning of unconscious representations. But the realm of the affect, the non-verbal, the corporal still remains beyond our knowledge. This is a hidden side of the unconscious, in relation to which hypnosis may serve as another "royal way". Finally, we point out a few directions now opening up for hypnotic research work in this perspective.
这两个领域同样晦涩难懂，引发了众多不同的概念。我们唯一可以确定断言的一点是，它们紧密相连。从历史角度看，催眠后暗示实验实际上是无意识发现的起点。催眠后暗示实际上是心理内容能够影响行为的最无可辩驳的证据之一，尽管它避开了主体的意识。在本文中，我们描述了苏联研究者对无意识的概念，以及他们研究催眠现象的视角。然后我们研究精神分析学关于催眠的理论，这些理论本质上基于移情。我们将说明为何在我们看来这个概念无法解释催眠关系的特殊本质。实际上，催眠存在一个心理生理维度。它处于工具性与关系性的交叉点。但我们对隐藏在心理生理层面的无意识过程一无所知。精神分析揭示了无意识表象运作的规律。但情感、非言语、身体的领域仍不为我们所知。这是无意识的一个隐藏面，就此而言，催眠可能是另一条“皇家大道”。最后，我们指出从这个角度来看催眠研究工作目前正在开拓的几个方向。
